Sucrose -Sugar PAPC

 

Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology -Practical PAPC

Aim: To perform the qualitative identification test for given sample of Carbohydrate.

Reference:
1. Rao. G. Devela. ‘A Manual of Practical Biochemistry’. Birla Publication. PVT LTD. Delhi. Second Edition. 2008. 04-10.
2. Chaudhari M.R. et.al. ‘Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology’. Nirali Prakashan. Pune. Thirty Fourth Edition. 2018. 3.1 – 3.14.

Requirement:
Chemical: Carbohydrate Testing Reagent, Sulphuric Acid, 0.1N Iodine Solution, Acetic Acid, Phenyl Hydrazine, Sodium Nitrate, Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Distill Water.
Apparatus: Test Tube, Beaker, Water Bath, Test Tube Holder, Glass Rod.

Observation Table:
S. No.ExperimentsObservationInference
1.Molisch's TestViolet colour ring between two junctionCarbohydrate Present
2.Iodine TestNo change in colourMono/ Di saccharide Present
3.Benedict’s TestNo characterstic ppt seen Non-Reducing Sugar Present
4.

5.


Barfoed's Test

Hydrolysis
Sample divided in to two part A & B		No ppt formed




Disaccharide present



            
6.Benedict's Test in A partGreen yellow and then Red colour pptReducing Sugar Present (Glucose and Fructose)
7.Scliwanoff Test in B partCherry red colourFructose present
(Draw the structure of Sucrose at blank side.)

Result: On the basis of above observation it may found that the given sample of Carbohydrate was Sucrose.


-------------------------------------------------------------

Summary

Carbohydrates are substance that possess a general formula CnH2nOn.

Test for carbohydrates can be performed by preparation of 1% solution. 

Hydrolysis:

Hydrolysis is uncontrolled process can be done by addition of HCl conc. and after that netralize by Sod. Carbonate with reference to litmus paper.

Different Reagents used in identification are as:

1. Molisch Reagent

2. Barfoed Reagent

3. Benedict Reagent

4. Scliwanoff Reagnet

5. Fehling A and B and other

Steps included are:

Molisch Test àIodine Test àBenedict Test à Barfoed Test àScliwanoff Test and àOsazone Test

Colours Produced are:

> Violet colour ring between two junction confirms Carbohydate presence.

> Blue and Reddish brown colour indicate the presence of starch or gylcogen respectively by Iodine test and in case of no colour mono or di saccharide may be present.

> Reducing sugar shows Green yellow or Red colour precipitate with Benedict's Test.

> A brick red ppt indicate mono-saccharide presence with Barfoed Reagent.

> Scliwanoff reagent produces cherry red colour i.e. positive for keto sugar.

> Osazone Crystals

- Needle Shape à Glucose/ Fructose

- Sunflower Shape à Maltose

- Cottonball Shape à Lactose


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Benzanilide from Aniline

Image
Synthesis of Benzanilide from Aniline Aim:  To synthesize Benzanilide from Aniline, calculate its melting point and percentage yield. Reference:   https://papcsg.blogspot.com/2018/12/benzanilide-from-aniline.html Principle:  Insertion of benzoyl to aniline moiety termed as benzoylation reaction. 10 % NaOH added to neutralize HCl and it also increase the rate of reaction. Requirements: Chemical: Aniline 3 ml, Benzoyl Chloride 6 ml, 10% NaOH 45 ml, Ethanol 6 ml, Cold Water 10 ml  Apparatus: Weighing Machine, M. P. apparatus, Conical Flask - 250 ml, Measuring Cylinder, Funnel, Filter Paper, Poly Bag Procedure: 1. Add Aniline and NaOH in to a conical flask. Dissolve it completely. 2. Add Benzoyl Chloride in to flask. 3. Heat it on boiling water bath for 15 minutes. 4. Add cold water in to the preparation, and a solid was formed. 5. Filter it and recrystallized it using ethanol.  6. Weight and Melting Point was calculated. Calculation:
Read more

Percentage Drug Content

Determination of Percentage Drug Content Aim: To calculate percentage drug content for given sample of drug (marketed preparation). Reference: https://papcsg.blogspot.com/2018/12/determination-of-percentage-drug.html Theory: Different concentration of a standard Drug solution, when analysed in U V spectrometer at a wave length as given in reference book, drug solution provide a Absorption peak.   Different peaks help to create a Standard Calibration Curve, this is helpful in determining Percentage Drug Content . Calibration Curve find as: y = mx + c. Where,  y =  absorption peak, x = concentration, m = slope and c = intercept point.   on putting of value of y, x can easily be determined. Requirement: Chemical: Marketed Formulation and Solvent Equipment: U V Spectrometer and Weighing Machine Apparatus: Beaker, Volumetric flask and Pipette. Procedure: * Preparation of Test Solution: 1. Weigh out 100 mg of powder drug (marketed preparation
Read more

Sennoside Isolation

Image
Isolation of Sennosides from senna leaves Aim: To isolate sennoside from senna leaves. Reference: https://papcsg.blogspot.com/2018/12/sennoside-isolation.html Theory:  Biological Source: Senna obtain from leaves of plant Cassia angustifolia and C. accutifolia belongs to family: Leguminoceae. Senna contain mainly chemicals such as anthraquinones, anthrone and dianthrone. Other chemicals such as sennosides A and B, present in at least 2.5% concentration. It mainly used for purgative action in condition of constipation. Soxhlet apparatus used for continuous extraction process and may used for direct heat sensitive drug. The process of extraction is continuous so, it is also known as Continuous Hot Percolation method.  Requirements: > Senna Powder Leaves (50 gm) > Solvent (Distill water 250 ml) > Soxhlet Assembly > Weighing machine > Heating Metal > Evaporator > Beaker, Piece of Cotton, Filter Paper Procedure: To isol
Read more