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Sennoside Isolation

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Isolation of Sennosides from senna leaves Aim: To isolate sennoside from senna leaves. Reference: https://papcsg.blogspot.com/2018/12/sennoside-isolation.html Theory:  Biological Source: Senna obtain from leaves of plant Cassia angustifolia and C. accutifolia belongs to family: Leguminoceae. Senna contain mainly chemicals such as anthraquinones, anthrone and dianthrone. Other chemicals such as sennosides A and B, present in at least 2.5% concentration. It mainly used for purgative action in condition of constipation. Soxhlet apparatus used for continuous extraction process and may used for direct heat sensitive drug. The process of extraction is continuous so, it is also known as Continuous Hot Percolation method.  Requirements: > Senna Powder Leaves (50 gm) > Solvent (Distill water 250 ml) > Soxhlet Assembly > Weighing machine > Heating Metal > Evaporator > Beaker, Piece of Cotton, Filter Paper Procedure: ...
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Percentage Drug Content

Determination of Percentage Drug Content Aim: To calculate percentage drug content for given sample of drug (marketed preparation). Reference: https://papcsg.blogspot.com/2018/12/determination-of-percentage-drug.html Theory: Different concentration of a standard Drug solution, when analysed in U V spectrometer at a wave length as given in reference book, drug solution provide a Absorption peak.   Different peaks help to create a Standard Calibration Curve, this is helpful in determining Percentage Drug Content . Calibration Curve find as: y = mx + c. Where,  y =  absorption peak, x = concentration, m = slope and c = intercept point.   on putting of value of y, x can easily be determined. Requirement: Chemical: Marketed Formulation and Solvent Equipment: U V Spectrometer and Weighing Machine Apparatus: Beaker, Volumetric flask and Pipette. Procedure: * Preparation of Test Solution: 1. Weigh out 100 mg of powd...
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Benzanilide from Aniline

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Synthesis of Benzanilide from Aniline Aim:  To synthesize Benzanilide from Aniline, calculate its melting point and percentage yield. Reference:   https://papcsg.blogspot.com/2018/12/benzanilide-from-aniline.html Principle:  Insertion of benzoyl to aniline moiety termed as benzoylation reaction. 10 % NaOH added to neutralize HCl and it also increase the rate of reaction. Requirements: Chemical: Aniline 3 ml, Benzoyl Chloride 6 ml, 10% NaOH 45 ml, Ethanol 6 ml, Cold Water 10 ml  Apparatus: Weighing Machine, M. P. apparatus, Conical Flask - 250 ml, Measuring Cylinder, Funnel, Filter Paper, Poly Bag Procedure: 1. Add Aniline and NaOH in to a conical flask. Dissolve it completely. 2. Add Benzoyl Chloride in to flask. 3. Heat it on boiling water bath for 15 minutes. 4. Add cold water in to the preparation, and a solid was formed. 5. Filter it and recrystallized it using ethanol.  6. Weight and Melting Point w...
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